Showing posts with label Robot Prostate Surgery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Robot Prostate Surgery. Show all posts

Monday, October 18, 2010

Prostate cancer patients treated with robotic-assisted surgery can expect low recurrence of cancer

A first-ever, long-term study of patients who underwent robot-assisted surgery to remove their cancerous prostates found that nearly 87 percent of them had no recurrence of the disease after five years.

The findings were reported in this month's issue of the European Urology journal by a team of Henry Ford Hospital researchers led by Mani Menon, M.D., an internationally recognized pioneer in the use of high-precision surgical robots.

In an editorial accompanying the article, the author wrote "it is very clear that the article by Menon et al represents a land mark contribution in the area of PCa (prostate cancer) management."

Dr. Menon, director of Henry Ford's Vattikuti Urology Institute, perfected the technique for minimally invasive laparoscopic treatment of prostate cancer.

Because they were among the first surgeons in the world to use the technique, Dr. Menon and his team had a unique opportunity to test its effectiveness on the long-term survival of a large group of prostate cancer patients.

Radical prostatectomy is a treatment in which the entire diseased prostate gland and some surrounding tissue are surgically removed in hopes of preventing the cancer from spreading to other parts of the body. It has long been considered an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer.

Early studies found that about 35 percent of men suffered a recurrence within 10 years after undergoing traditional radical prostatectomy. But Henry Ford researchers suspected those results might have become outdated as the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening gained wider acceptance, allowing prostate cancer to be detected in more men at a younger age.

No studies have looked at biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in patients diagnosed after 2000, when Dr. Menon and his team at Henry Ford began using robot-assisted surgery. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy has since become the most widely used form of surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer in the country.

But after carefully reviewing the literature since then, Dr. Menon's team found almost no research on medium- to long-term follow-up results.

All 1,384 of the men chosen for study were diagnosed with moderately aggressive prostate cancer and underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy between September 2001 and May 2005. Their average age was 60.

The patients were checked for recurrence of their cancer every three months during the first year after surgery, twice during the second year, then annually. A median of five years of follow-up was used for the study.

Dr. Menon or his colleague, James Peabody, M.D., performed all of the robot-assisted surgeries in the study. While both are highly experienced surgeons, they cautioned that the study period included their own learning curve in developing the robot-assisted technique, so results may be difficult to generalize.

Still, they say, the fact that deaths from prostate cancer occurred in only 1 of 1,000 patients per year of follow-up should provide a strong endorsement of the curative role of radical prostatectomy for patients with localized prostate cancer treated in the contemporary era.

And "with five-year actuarial biochemical recurrence-free survival outcomes of 86.6 percent, robot-assisted radical prostatectomy appears to confer effective five-year prostate cancer control."

Henry Ford's robot-assisted urology program uses the da Vinci computer-enhanced, minimally invasive surgery system introduced in 1999 by Intuitive Surgical, Inc. It enables surgeons to manipulate robotic arms for precise procedures through a series of small incisions instead of the large wounds required by traditional open surgery, and provides 3-D monitoring for the entire surgical team. The potential benefits include shorter recovery times, less trauma, and reduced hospitalization costs.

It is also the basis of a nerve-sparing procedure called the Veil of Aphrodite, developed by Dr. Menon to minimize the erectile dysfunction common in men after undergoing traditional radical prostatectomy.

Henry Ford Health System

Friday, October 15, 2010

Robot To Have First Clinical Trial Test In Prostate Cancer Patients

In the first-of-a-kind clinical trial, a robot will be used to place therapeutic radioactive seeds in prostate cancer patients. The National Cancer Institute-supported study, which will enroll 14 patients, has just opened at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital.

The robot has been designed by Thomas Jefferson University scientists to provide the steadiest and most precise method possible to implant scores of the seeds directly at the site of a cancerous tumor in the prostate gland, eliminating the possibility of human error, says Adam Dicker, MD, PhD, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Radiation Oncology at Jefferson.

Read more at Medical News Today.

Tuesday, September 28, 2010

Surgery For Aggressive Prostate Cancer Gives 92% 10-year Survival Rate

Patients with the most aggressive form of prostate cancer who have surgery - radical prostatectomy - were found to have a 10-year cancer-specific survival rate of 92%, which is high, and a 77% overall survival rate, according to researchers from the Fox Chase Cancer Center and the Mayo Clinic, USA. This compares to an 88% 10-year cancer specific survival rate and 52% overall survival rate for those who underwent radiotherapy without surgery. The findings were presented at the American Urological Association's 84th Annual Meeting, Chicago.

Read more at Medical News Today.

Thursday, July 29, 2010

New Surgery Without Incisions Shows Promise For Prostate Cancer Treatment

With a recent first of its kind surgery, physicians at Mayo Clinic in Arizona have developed a new surgical procedure for the treatment of prostate cancer using natural orifices - signaling the next step in the evolution of minimally invasive surgery.

Removing the prostate is a common treatment for patients with prostate cancer, which affects one in six men in the U.S. according to the American Cancer Society. Mitchell Humphreys, M.D., urologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, said that the latest advances in the surgical treatment of the disease involve using the body's own natural orifices as access points instead of making incisions through the skin. These types of procedures, Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery, or NOTES, have advanced over the past several years and now, it is believed for the first time, a NOTES procedure has been perfected to remove the prostate.

Read more at Medical News Today.

Friday, April 16, 2010

Robotic Prostatectomy Leads To Decreased Surgery And Recovery Time Plus Shorter Hospital Stays For Patients

A new study of almost 700 patients from The Mount Sinai Medical Center shows that prostate cancer patients who had robotically assisted prostatectomy enjoyed significant benefits over patients who had a traditional open radical prostatectomy, including decreased surgical and recovery time, less blood loss during surgery and significantly shorter hospital stays. The study, by David B. Samadi, MD, Chief of the Division of Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, will be published later this month on the website of the Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons (JSLS), and then in print following that.

Read more at Medical News Today.

Friday, September 25, 2009

Robotic surgery for treatment of prostate cancer

In 2009, it is estimated that 192,280 new cases will be diagnosed and more than 27,000 men will die of prostate cancer. The lifetime probability of developing prostate cancer is one in six for American men. Current treatment alternatives for clinically localized prostate cancer include removal of the prostate gland (surgery), radiation to the cancerous prostate (external beam or radioactive seed implants), active surveillance, or other treatments (hormonal or cryotherapy).

Radical prostatectomy via an open approach has historically been the gold standard therapy for the surgical treatment of prostate cancer. While oncologic and functional outcomes following open radical prostatectomy are excellent, prolonged recovery is a legitimate concern for physicians and patients. With such considerations, an impetus within the surgical community has been to reduce the complications of procedures without compromising on established standards of care. To that end, laparoscopic surgery, which is performed via several tiny holes rather than one long incision, has been shown to reduce perioperative complications while improving recovery. Robotic surgery represents the next potential iteration for advances in minimally invasive surgery.

The first robotic-assisted surgery performed in 1995 utilized a robotic platform to eliminate the need for an assistant to hold the camera during laparoscopic procedures. The more contemporary da Vinci system represents the next evolutionary step, offering an instrument that can control a camera with one hand while simultaneously manipulating tiny laparoscopic surgical tools in its other hands. With a human surgeon at the controls, da Vinci filters out tremor, enhances precision, offers three-dimensional imaging and may eliminate some of the fatigue associated with conventional laparoscopy.

Robotic surgery appears particularly advantageous from the standpoint of added precision for some procedures. It has experienced great popularity for urologic surgery; particularly cancers of the prostate located deep in the pelvis. Current utilization, however, is quite widespread including applications for general surgery (esophagus, stomach, and biliary reconstruction), cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting and valve replacement), and gynecology (hysterectomy, oopherectomy, and tubal reconstruction). It is likely that the array of surgical procedures performed with robotic technology only will increase over time.

Starting fall 2009, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center will be home to the newest robotic system, the da Vinci SI system, and surgeons will be offering this newest surgical advancement to patients in central Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania State University

Thursday, October 2, 2008

New catheter-less technique may ease the pain and discomfort of prostate cancer recovery

To ease the pain of recovery following prostate cancer surgery, physician-scientists have developed an innovative and patient-friendly approach that eliminates the use of a penile urinary catheter. The new patentable technique, used in conjunction with robotic prostatectomy -- the surgical removal of the prostate -- eliminates the pain and discomfort associated with the standard catheter.

"Robotic surgery offers better cosmetic benefits, reduced pain, early continence, a high rate of sexual potency, and minimal blood loss, all without sacrificing the success of cancer elimination," explains lead researcher Dr. Ashutosh K. Tewari, director of robotic prostatectomy and outcomes research at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell and the Ronald P. Lynch Associate Professor of Urologic Oncology at Weill Cornell Medical College.

"But, now, the new technique we are studying may further enhance the comfort for our patients," says Dr. Tewari.

The new study is published today in the British Journal of Urology International.

The research team studied 50 patients -- 30 implanted with the custom designed device, and 20 who received the standard penile catheter. The two groups were comparable in age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, body mass index (BMI), the grade and stage of the cancer, length of surgery, blood loss, and several other operative measures. The results were positive.

The control group experienced penile pain and discomfort nine times greater than the experimental group, and seven times greater discomfort while walking and sleeping. There were no serious side effects observed in either group.

"The results are very exciting because through this new technology, we are able to continually improve on the robotic surgical option that has already given men a high rate of continence and sexual function," says Dr. Tewari.

Because robotic surgery has vastly improved recovery -- allowing patients to return home within one day of the procedure -- patients will often focus on the penile and urinary discomfort caused by the catheter's implantation and following removal. The new approach, developed by Dr. Tewari and his team, avoids implantation of an irritating catheter through the penis' urethra -- the tube connected to the urinary bladder that allows for the passage of urine and seminal fluid to the outside of the body.

The new approach re-routes urine directly from the bladder by way of a narrow tube that exits through a small needle puncture below the gut, and also serves to support the internal urinary structures as the patient heals.

Past studies examining the advantages of avoiding catheter use have indicated that they impart less risk for bacterial infection, reduce discomfort, and reduce the need for re-catheterization.

"In the future, the new technique might also be used effectively for non-robotic prostate removal," says Dr. Tewari.

However, Dr. Tewari says that not all patients may be a candidates for this new option based on their body mass and amount of abdominal fat, prostate size, or those who are taking blood thinning drugs or who have a higher likelihood of bleeding.

These new findings build upon the groundbreaking work of Dr. Tewari, and his collaborators in the Department of Urology at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell, to better improve the lifestyles of patients following prostate removal, such as the reconstruction and sparing of nerves and muscles in order to preserve urinary continence and sexual function. Dr. Tewari is a leader in the field of robotic prostate surgery and has been involved with over 2,500 surgeries to date.

New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medical College

Wednesday, July 23, 2008

The Road to Recovery from Prostate Cancer Begins in the OR

The Mount Sinai Medical Center and Intuitive Surgical, Inc. will present a live webcast on OR-Live.com featuring David B. Samadi, M.D., Chief of Robotics and Minimal Invasive Surgery in the Department of Urology at Mount Sinai on August 13 at 5:00pm ET. Dr. Samadi will narrate case video of a robotic radical prostatectomy utilizing the da Vinci S HD Surgical System and conduct a live question and answer session with viewers on the efficacy of open, laparoscopic, and robotic prostate surgeries. Dr. Simon Hall, Chair of the Department of Urology and Director of the Barbara and Maurice A. Deane Prostate Health and Research Center at Mount Sinai will be on the panel as well.

“As a surgeon, robotic surgery allows me to remove prostate cancer from patients and restore their quality of life,” said Dr. Samadi. “Instead of two to three days of hospitalization and two months of recuperation typical with open prostate surgery, robotic surgery patients often go home the next day and resume normal activities within two weeks.”

During the webcast, Dr. Samadi will discuss the benefits of a robotic-assisted prostatectomy as it compares to open and laparoscopic surgical procedures. Robotic prostate surgery is driven by highly magnified visual enhancement technology in a bloodless field. The result is greater precision in cutting and suturing with far less trauma to surrounding tissue, delicate nerve sparing, minimal blood loss, less risk of infection, and faster recovery. Patients experience improved clinical outcomes and control over their bladder and sexual functions.

Dr. Hall specializes in urologic oncology and open surgical techniques, and collaborates with Dr. Samadi on the treatment of prostate cancer for many of his patients.

“I have seen the number of robotic prostatectomies increase among our patient population over the past couple of years and the benefits are quite clear,” shared Dr. Hall. “These surgeries result in fewer immediate complications and quicker recovery than in an open procedure, especially in the hands of a skilled surgeon who performs a high volume of cases routinely.”

The Procedure

Dr. Samadi’s robotic prostatectomy technique is the result of his surgical evolution-- moving from open surgery to laparoscopy and finally to robotic surgery over the past eight years. Instead of making an 8” to 10” incision to remove a 2” prostate gland, Dr. Samadi’s robotic prostate surgery involves just five small “keyhole” incisions in the patient’s abdomen, through which extremely fine instruments are inserted along with a miniscule camera that displays magnified two-dimensional images from inside the body onto a screen. The addition of a sophisticated da Vinci system transforms those images into 3D, enabling the surgeon’s hand movements to be scaled, filtered, and incredibly precise. This eliminates the touch factor or tactile feedback necessary to perform open surgery.

During the webcast, Dr. Samadi will highlight his unique advanced surgical techniques in performing a da Vinci Prostatectomy utilizing the latest technology—the 4-arm da Vinci S Surgical System with high-definition 3D vision. The fourth robotic arm helps the surgeon by providing retraction to increase exposure of structures in the operative field and facilitates dissection by providing traction at the surgeon’s control.

Surgeon Experience

Dr. Samadi is a board-certified urologic surgeon trained in open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery and one of the world’s most experienced da Vinci surgeons with a high track record of success. He is one of the only surgeons in the country to have completed two fellowships: one in oncology (trained at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York) and the other in laparoscopy (trained at Henri Mondor Hospital in France).

Dr. Samadi has completed more than 1,350 da Vinci cases in his career and since his arrival at Mount Sinai a year ago, he has performed nearly 550 robotic cases. Dr. Samadi’s robotic surgery program at Mount Sinai is unique for its ability to combine the advanced technology of robotics with the expertise of open and laparoscopic skills. For the series of surgeries performed at Mount Sinai, Dr. Samadi’s patients experienced an average blood loss of 63cc for the series with a T2 positive margin of 7%. Eighty-five percent of his patients were able to wear one surgical pad or less just three months after surgery. The average length of hospital stay was one day with minimal complications and positive outcomes.
This program is paid for by Intuitive Surgical, manufacturer of the da Vinci S HD Surgical System.

About The Mount Sinai Medical Center

The Mount Sinai Medical Center encompasses The Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. The Mount Sinai Hospital is one of the nation’s oldest, largest and most-respected voluntary hospitals. Founded in 1852, Mount Sinai today is a 1,406-bed tertiary-care teaching facility that is internationally acclaimed for excellence in clinical care. Last year, nearly 50,000 people were treated at Mount Sinai as inpatients, and there were nearly 450,000 outpatient visits to the Medical Center. Mount Sinai School of Medicine is internationally recognized as a leader in groundbreaking clinical and basic-science research, as well as having an innovative approach to medical education. With a faculty of more than 3,400 in 38 clinical and basic science departments and centers, Mount Sinai ranks among the top 20 medical schools in receipt of National Institute of Health (NIH) grants. To learn more about Dr. Samadi and the Mount Sinai Medical Center, please visit www.roboticoncology.com or www.mountsinai.org.

About Intuitive Surgical, Inc.

Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (NASDAQ: ISRG), headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, is the global technology leader in the emerging field of robot-assisted, minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Intuitive Surgical develops, manufactures and markets robotic technologies designed to improve clinical outcomes and help patients return more quickly to active and productive lives. The company’s mission is to extend the benefits of minimally invasive surgery to the broadest possible base of patients. More information is available at www.intuitivesurgical.com and www.davincisurgery.com. Intuitive Surgical — Taking surgical precision beyond the limits of the human hand™

About the da Vinci® Surgical System

The da Vinci Surgical System is a sophisticated robotic platform designed to enable complex surgery using a minimally invasive approach. The da Vinci System consists of an ergonomic surgeon’s console, a patient-side cart with four interactive robotic arms, a high-performance vision system and proprietary EndoWrist® instruments. Powered by state-of-the-art robotic technology, the da Vinci System is designed to scale, filter and seamlessly translate the surgeon's hand movements into more precise movements of the EndoWrist instruments. The net result is an intuitive interface with breakthrough surgical capabilities. By providing surgeons with superior visualization, enhanced dexterity, greater precision and ergonomic comfort, the da Vinci Surgical System makes it possible for more surgeons to perform minimally invasive procedures involving complex dissection or reconstruction. This ultimately raises the standard of care for complex surgeries, translating into numerous potential patient benefits, including less pain, a shorter recovery and quicker return to normal daily activities.

The presentation described is for general information only and is not intended to substitute for formal medical training or certification. An independent surgeon, who is not an Intuitive Surgical employee, provides procedure descriptions. Intuitive Surgical trains only on the use of its products and is not responsible for surgical credentialing or for training in surgical procedure or technique. As a result, Intuitive is not responsible for procedural content. While clinical studies support the use of the da Vinci Surgical System as an effective tool for minimally invasive surgery, individual results may vary.

Intuitive®, da Vinci®, InSite® and EndoWrist® are registered trademarks of Intuitive Surgical, Inc. www.intuitivesurgical.com www.davincisurgery.com www.davinciprostatectomy.com

Mount Sinai Medical Center

Thursday, January 17, 2008

Just hours apart, 2 brothers undergo robotic prostate cancer surgery

“We are blessed to have each other to depend on. If you have to go through something bad like cancer, you’re glad to have a friend to go through it with,” said one of two brothers from Savannah, Georgia recovering from robotic prostate cancer surgery. The two siblings flew to The Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York to have lifesaving surgery on the same day this week. Dr. David B. Samadi, M.D., Chief of Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Department of Urology at Mount Sinai successfully performed the robotic prostate cancer surgeries on the siblings one after another on Monday, January 14th, 2008.

“The brothers have benefited physically and even emotionally as a result of having their prostatectomy with the da Vinci robotic technology at Mount Sinai together,” said Dr. Samadi. “Each minimally invasive surgery was an hour and twenty minutes which included only a few tiny incisions, limited blood loss (50 CC), no need for blood transfusions, less pain, and a faster recovery which included each of the patients walking the next day and were released from the hospital two days after surgery.”

Also, along with the help of Microvascular and Plastic Surgeon Dr. Jess Ting, M.D. of the Department of Surgery, the doctors were able to preserve each patient’s sexual function after robotic surgery by implanting a nerve graft extracted from each patient’s leg. “I will still be a normal person after robotic surgery, with feeling of all nerves because of the graft,” said one brother.

“Just little holes” described the two brothers of their minor incisions from surgery, who both are grateful to have had the opportunity and option to have minimally invasive robotic prostate cancer surgery at Mount Sinai and avoiding open surgery. “Cancer is always a matter of life and death, that’s why we chose Mount Sinai for robotic prostate cancer surgery.” The brothers who are now patients turned advocates have advice for other men about prostate cancer, “When you’re talking about cancer, you can’t take any chance. We know some people are scared to have a PSA test but its so minor- you need to get checked. If ours was not tested we would be dead.”

The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Friday, May 4, 2007

Robots in Your Prostate

I know what you're thinking: "Where can I sign up?"

Here's the crazy part: robots are in all kinds of prostates—possibly even prostates you know.

In fact, as of 2007 the majority of surgeries for prostate cancer will be conducted with robotic assistance—a remarkable (even science fiction-esque) feat for a technology that only became available for routine clinical use just after the turn of the millenium.

One benefit of conducting surgery with robots is that, like little titanium elves, they can work in small spaces. This means small incisions, which speed recovery time. Plus, they essentially turn doctors into cybernetic super-doctors, giving them the ability to magnify what they're looking at, and to make tiny precise movements that would be difficult or even impossible if conducted without robot aid.

Read full story in Scientific American

Wednesday, March 21, 2007

Da Vinci Prostate Surgery: Minimally Invasive Option for Prostate Removal

Quicker recovery, potential for reduced risk of incontinence and impotence.

If your doctor recommends surgery to treat your prostate cancer, you may be a candidate for this new, less-invasive procedure. The Cancer Institute at Sharp Memorial Hospital—located in San Diego—offers robotic-assisted surgery using the da Vinci™ Surgical system for radical prostatectomy.

Benefits Compared to Traditional Prostate Surgery

• Potential for reduced risk of sexual dysfunction and incontinence
• Shorter hospital stay
• Less pain
• Less risk of infection
• Less scarring
• Faster recovery and return to normal activities

How Does it Work?
The da Vinci™ system uses state-of-the-art robotic technology that allows the surgeon’s hand movements to translate into extremely precise movements within the operative site. The magnified, three-dimensional view and small robotic instruments enhance the surgeon’s ability to perform complex procedures through small incisions.

"What is really exciting about this new surgical device is the additional benefits that I can provide my patients,” said Ronald MacIntyre, MD, Sharp Memorial and Sharp Rees-Stealy urologist. “The da Vinci™ allows me better access to areas that I’m working on. In open prostate removal surgeries, it is often difficult to see the exact location of the miniscule nerves and arteries that, when cut, can cause impotence or incontinence. With the da Vinci™ I can preserve those structures, offering better end results for my patients.”

To learn more, download Overview of da VinciTM Prostatectomy Surgery. This video will provide you with a better understanding of what the procedure entails.

Watch a Patient Story
Robert and Rita were featured in Sharp's 2005 Television Documentary, Stories of the Sharp Experience. When Robert was diagnosed with prostate cancer, he was told that he had two options: radiation or surgery. A friend from Robert's church told him about the da Vinci Surgical System, and he immediately started to research the surgery. Robert met with Dr. MacIntyre and he determined that Robert would be a great candidate for radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci. To see Robert's story, please download the videos below.

4:59 minutes | Dial-Up (2 MB) | High-Speed (20 MB)

From Sharp Memorial Hospital.

Cutting Edge

Stuart Forbes celebrated his 60th birthday on April 11. A week later, he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. "It was quite a month," says Forbes, a blunt Vietnam veteran who runs a consulting firm outside Boston. When biopsies confirmed he had an aggressive form of the disease, Forbes started looking for a surgeon. The first recommended a traditional radical prostatectomy, which would require an eight- to 10-inch incision and at least two days in the hospital. Forbes was also warned that he would likely lose almost all the nerves on the left side of the prostate, which could permanently affect his sexual function. "I thought, 'I need to really look at all my options'," says Forbes. He considered high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation, a relatively new technology that's been used in Europe. But it's expensive and would require transatlantic trips. He looked into various forms of radiation, as well as proton-beam therapy. Then, in June, his girlfriend took him to a symposium on robotic surgery. "I saw the machine and how it worked," remembers Forbes. "It was just incredible. I said, 'That's it'."

Read full story in Newsweek.

Wednesday, February 28, 2007

Under the robotic knife

Within the next decade, computing power will give rise to augmented reality surgery and virtual reality surgery that will revolutionise the healthcare industry—and Thailand is well poised to be at the leading edge of this exciting new development.

Doctor Ashok K. Hemal, a professor in the department of urology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences and a specialist in robotic surgery, was recently in Thailand to oversee a prostrate cancer operation at Bangkok Hospital using the Da Vinci laporoscopic robot. The operation was the first of its kind in Thailand.

Laporoscopic surgery is the use of a small camera and tools inserted into the body through a small incision. More recently, rather than use what are essentially special chopsticks, surgeons can now control specialised robots with miniature hands at the end of tiny arm rods inserted into the body. These have a range of tools from scissors, clamps, hands, scalpels to electric cutters, all with a full six degrees of movement.

Hemal predicted that we will see augmented reality surgery and even virtual reality surgery within the next five to 10 years.

Full Story >>